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Infectious mononucleosis, (also known as the kissing disease, or Pfeiffer's disease, in North America as mono and more commonly known as glandular fever in other English-speaking countries) is seen most commonly in adolescents and young adults, characterized in teenagers by fever, sore throat, muscle soreness, and fatigue. Around 90% of people will aquire the virus even if they exhibit no symptoms. Mononucleosis typically produces a very mild illness in small children, but is typically asymptomatic. Mononucleosis is usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which infects B cells (B-lymphocytes), producing a reactive lymphocytosis and atypical T cells (T-lymphocytes) known as Downey bodies. Mononucleosis is typically transmitted from asymptomatic individuals through saliva (hence "the kissing disease"), or by sharing a drink, or sharing eating utensils. It may also be transmitted through blood. The disease is far less contagious than is commonly thought. Mono is not spread through the air. You can live in the same house with a person and never acquire the virus. In rare cases a person may have a high resistance to infection. The disease is so-named because the count of mononuclear leukocytes (white blood cells with a one-lobed nucleus) rises significantly. There are two main types of mononuclear leukocytes: monocytes and lymphocytes. They normally account for about 35% of all white blood cells. With infectious mononucleosis, this can rise to 50-70%. Also, the total white blood count may increase to 10,000-20,000 per cubic millimeter.
SymptomsSymptoms usually appear 1-2 months after infection, and may resemble strep throat, or other bacterial or viral respiratory infections. The typical symptoms and signs of mononucleosis are: Fever—this varies from mild to severe, but is seen in nearly all cases.; Tender and enlarged/swollen lymph nodes—particularly the posterior cervical lymph nodes, on both sides of the neck.; Sore throat—White patches on the tonsils and back of the throat are often seen; Fatigue (sometimes extreme fatigue); Some patients also display: Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly, which may lead to rupture) and/or liver (hepatomegaly); Petechial hemorrhage; Abdominal pain - a possible symptom of a potentially fatal rupture of the spleen.; Aching muscles; Headache; Loss of appetite; Depression; Weakness; Skin rash; Dizziness or disorientation; Uncontrolled shaking at times; Dry cough; Supra-orbital oedema—the eyes become puffy and swollen—may occur in the early stages of infection;
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